Edema pulmonar neurogénico secundario a una hemorragia subaracnoidea. Presentación de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura

Daniel Alejandro Montalvo López; Jocelin Reyes Reyes; Claudia García Vera; Carlos Alberto Delgado Quintana; Gastón Daniel Martínez Sedas

doi:10.46981/sfjhv4n1-015

Authors

Daniel Alejandro Montalvo López
Jocelin Reyes Reyes
Claudia García Vera
Carlos Alberto Delgado Quintana
Gastón Daniel Martínez Sedas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46981/sfjhv4n1-015

Keywords:

edema pulmonar neurogénico, hemorragia subaranocidea, hipertensión intracraneal

Abstract

La hemorragia subaracnoidea espontánea (HSA) representa del 2% al 7% de todos los accidentes cerebrovasculares, documentándose que hasta el 5% de los pacientes fallece antes de llegar al hospital o de obtener una prueba de imagen. La morbi-mortalidad de esta patología radica en factores modificables y no modificables que preceden a esta enfermedad. El edema pulmonar neurogénico (EPN), es una condición clínica que se manifiesta como dificultad respiratoria aguda que se presenta junto con una lesión neurológica severa, generalmente es subdiagnosticado. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de mediana edad, con edema pulmonar agudo secundario a una hemorragia subaracnoidea. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura con especial énfasis en las implicaciones clínicas y el tratamiento.

References

Maher M, Schweizer TA, Macdonald RL. Treatment of Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Guidelines and Gaps. Stroke. 2020;1326–32.

Macdonald RL, Schweizer TA. Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet [Internet]. 2017;389(10069):655–66. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30668-7

Vivancos J, Gilo F, Frutos R, Maestre J, García-Pastor A, Quintana F, et al. Guía de actuación clínica en la hemorragia subaracnoidea. Sistemática diagnóstica y tratamiento. Neurología. 2014;29(6):353–70.

Osgood ML. Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Review of the Pathophysiology and Management Strategies. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2021;21(9).

Lauzier DC, Jayaraman K, Yuan JY, Diwan D, Vellimana AK, Osbun JW, et al. Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Incidence and Mechanisms. Stroke. 2023;(May):1–15.

Sharma D. Perioperative Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Narrative Review. Anesthesiology. 2020;(Xxx):1283–305.

D’Souza S. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2015;27(3):222–40.

E. Sander ConnollyJr, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, J. Ricardo Carhuapoma, Colin P. Derdeyn, Jacques Dion, Randall T. Higashida, Brian L. Hoh, Catherine J. Kirkness, Andrew M. Naidech, Christopher S. Ogilvy, Aman B. Patel BGT and PV. Guidelines for the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Am Hear Assoc Stroke Assoc. :1711–1737.

Picetti E, Barbanera A, Bernucci C, Bertuccio A, Bilotta F, Boccardi E Pietro, et al. Early management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a hospital with neurosurgical/neuroendovascular facilities: a consensus and clinical recommendations of the Italian Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (SIAARTI)—part 2. J Anesth Analg Crit Care. 2022;2(1):1–7.

Schatlo B, Fathi AR, Fandino J. Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Swiss Med Wkly. 2014;144(April):1–9.

NICE. Guideline. Subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm : diagnosis and management. NICE Guidel. 2021;(February):1–41.

Maslonka MA, Sheehan KN, Datar S V., Vachharajani V, Namen A. Pathophysiology and Management of Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema in Patients with Acute Severe Brain Injury. South Med J. 2022;115(10):784–9.

Danielle L Davison MT and LSC. Neurogenic pulmonary edema. Crit Care Med. 2012;

Baumann A, Audibert G, McDonnell J, Mertes PM. Neurogenic pulmonary edema. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007;51(4):447–55.

Lozada-Martínez ID, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez MM, Ospina-Rios J, Ortega-Sierra MG, González-Herazo MA, Ortiz-Roncallo LM, et al. Neurogenic pulmonary edema in subarachnoid hemorrhage: relevant clinical concepts. Egypt J Neurosurg [Internet]. 2021;36(1):4–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41984-021-00124-y

Holmes, Benjamin; Wei Z. Pathogenetic mechanisms of neurogenic pulmonary edema. Inst Physiol Acad Sci Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Repub. 2014;(615):1–45.

Dai Q, Su L. Neurogenic pulmonary edema caused by spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage: A fatal case report. Surg Neurol Int. 2014;5(Supplement):3–7.