Factores de riesgo asociados a la hipomineralización inciso - molar en pacientes atendidos en los servicios de clinica de odontopediatria y estomatologia de la Facultad de Odontologia de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (Argentina)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46981/sfjhv4n1-013Keywords:
hipomineralización, inciso-molar, odontopediatría, estomatologíaAbstract
La hipomineralización inciso-molar (HIM) es una patología que afecta exclusivamente a los primeros molares permanentes y ocasionalmente a los incisivos. Se produce por una alteración durante la fase de mineralización del esmalte. Así, el período más crítico para los defectos del esmalte en estos dientes es durante los últimos meses del embarazo hasta el primer año de vida del niño. Los posibles factores etiológicos de HIM se asocian a alteraciones durante la gestación y a algunas enfermedades de la primera infancia. Objetivos: Identificar y cuantificar factores asociados a HIM. Metodología: Estudio caso-control, apareados por edad (±1 año), con más de 5 controles/caso. Período: ciclo lectivo 2019-22. Datos consignados: edad y sexo del paciente, el lugar de nacimiento y residencia durante los primeros tres años; antecedentes de fiebre alta reiterada, enfermedades-medicación recibida y consumo de hierro; antecedentes perinatales del niño y obstétricos de la madre. Se aplicó un análisis de regresión logística; a=10% y b=20%; Odds Ratio con intervalos de confianza del 95% -OR (IC.95%)-. Resultados: Se registraron 31 casos con HIM y 208 controles. En el estudio multivariado, la prematurez, el antecedente de fiebre alta repetida y el tratamiento con ácido fólico durante los tres primeros años del niño se asociaron significativamente a la HIM; OR (IC95%) = 17.8 (2.1 - 142.8), 7.3 (1.4 - 40) y 4.6 (1.1 - 22.7), respectivamente. Con una significancia borderline el amamantamiento tuvo un efecto protector; OR (IC95%) = 0.9 (0.8 - 1.04). Conclusiones: En este estudio se pudo determinar que las variables asociadas a la HIM están vinculadas con trastornos propios del embarazo y con eventos de fiebre alta repetida durante los primeros mil días del recién nacido.
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