Congenital adrenal Hyperplasia and psychosocial repercussions

Abstract

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a chronic condition, mainly related to lack of the enzyme 21 hydroxylase (21-OH), that belongs to a group of cytochrome P450 enzymes.  Individuals with the disorder are exposed to elevated levels of intrauterine androgens as a result of endogenous cortisol deficiency. In the classic form of disease, there is a division between simple virilizaing (VS) and Losing Salt (PS).  Prenatal exposure to androgens, especially in individuals with 46 XX karyotype, can influence the mental health of those affected, determining the development of a higher incidence of gender dysphoria (GD), in addition to direct neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and psychosocial disorders. This integrative literature review deals with the main points that associate CAH to DG and other disorders, comparing the existing bibliography for a reflective analysis of the subject.  There are few studies available on this topic, and more comparative research is needed for a assertive conclusion.