Rain harvesting systems on households affected by social vulnerability in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

Abstract

In Xalapa, Mexico, the local council together with non-profit civil associations installed 80 rain harvesting systems in homes impacted by social vulnerability. The current research randomly assigned 39 systems that were meticulously monitored on a monthly basis. The main objective was pursued through physico-chemical and microbiological water analysis, as well as inspections to the systems and training workshops carried out via 6 accompanying visits. The water was characterized by measuring pH, temperature, total chlorine, turbidity, total dissolved solids, nitrates, ammoniacal nitrogen, apparent chlorine, as well as total and fecal coliforms. Each visit to the living quarters examined the handling of the rain harvesting systems, the regularity of chlorination, the physical state of the equipment and the training of the users with regards to the maintenance. In general, the results show the good quality of the rain water harvested and stored throughout time, whereas the presence of contamination proved to be related to faults in the maintenance. In conclusion the quality of the water is good, but it is directly related to the upkeep of the rain harvesting systems carried out by the users.